IDAC-Dose: an internal dosimetry program for diagnostic nuclear medicine based on the ICRP/ICRU adult and preadult reference voxel phantoms.
IDAC-Dose (Internal Dose Assessment by Computer) has been used by the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) since 1987 to estimate effective dose and absorbed doses to patients from radiopharmaceuticals. IDAC-Dose2.2 is currently the official ICRP software version for effective dose in diagnostic nuclear medicine.
IDAC-Dose is a free and user friendly computer software, which is easy to install and to calculate doses. IDAC-Dose2.1 runs on Mac, Windows 7 and 10
History
IDAC-Dose1.0 (Internal Dose Assessment by Computer) was created by Prof. Lennart Johansson at Umeå University in 1987 and is the sanctioned software by ICRP to estimate the radiation risk for diagnosic examinations in nuclear medicine at hospitals. The software has been used to perform dose calculations from different radiopharmaceuticals in ICRP Publication 53, 62, 80, 106 and 128.
A new version, IDAC-Dose2.1, was later developed based on the ICRP specific absorbed fractions and computational framework of internal dose assessment given for reference adults in ICRP Publication 133. The software uses the radionuclide decay database of ICRP Publication 107 and considers 83 different source regions irradiating 47 target tissues, defining the effective dose as presented in ICRP Publications 60 and 103.
Recently, IDAC-Dose2.2 was introduced, adding preadult ICRP/ICRU reference computational voxel phantoms. With IDAC-Dose2.2 it is possible to calculate the dose from 1252 different radionuclides. The program uses the latest biokinetic models and assumptions of the ICRP TG 36, which also includes latest tissue weighting factors (ICRP 103). The S-values are generated through mono-energetic photon, electron and alpha SAF-values of the ICRP Adult and Preadult and the decay data of ICRP publication 107. The IDAC-Dose 2.2 has 83 source regions where activity uptake can be placed and the program calculates the mean absorbed dose to 43 different organs and tissues. IDAC-Dose 2.2 calculates the absorbed dose to ICRP reference ages adult, 15-, 10-, 5-, 1-yr old and infant (100 days) and also gives the absorbed dose for the newborn (0 day). It is also a possibility to interpolate the organ doses by weight and age interpolations between the ICRP adult and newborn reference phantoms. IDAC-Dose 2.2 has been harmonized with the other ICRP sanctioned computer program Dose and Risk Calculation (DCAL), which is used to estimate doses for occupational intakes of radionuclides. IDAC-Dose2.2 was applied on three frequently used radiopharmaceuticals: intravenously administered 18F-FDG, orally administered 99mTc-pertechnetate and 131I-iodide.
Framework
IDAC takes cumulated activities (total number of disintegrations) per administrerad activity in hours and calculates the absorbed dose and the effective dose.
IDAC-Dose2.1 &2.2 may calculate absorbed doses from 1252 different radionuclides of 97 elements.
The computer software bases the dose estimations on the latest ICRP SAF values and implements the computational framework for internal dose assessment already used by ICRP. The software is suitable for patients in nuclear medicine.
The IDAC-Dose tool is a free software for research and available online. The online version can be operated directly through a web browser and the standalone version is an executable file, which can be downloaded and installed directly on the local computer.
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